Fuel injector



F. C. MOCK Oct. 16, 1934,

FUEL INJECTOR Filed July 16, 1951 INVENTOR Fin/7% C. M00? 1/ a MATTORNEY Patented 0.1.16, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FUEL INJECTORApplicationJuly 16, 1931, Serial No. 551,253

9 Claims.

the main spray and to direct what maybe termed a pilot spray toward thedevice, which is ignited prior to the main spray and serves as a torchto completely ignite the main fuel charge.

An object of the invention is to provide a novel fuel injector thatdivides its spray into two parts, one of which may be directed toward anignition device.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel fuel injector thatdelivers a hollow conical or sheath spray and a pilot spray fromsubstantially the same origin.

Another object is to provide a novel fuel in-' jector having bothauxiliary and main orifices that come into operation successively.

Other objects and features of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description, in connection with which I have illustrated anembodiment of the inventionin the accompanying drawing, in which- Fig. 1is a longitudinal section through one form of injector embodying thepresent invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the end portion of the injectorillustrated in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an end view of theinjector shown in Fig; 2;

Referring to the drawing, and more particularly with regard to Figures1, 2, and 3, 10 represents the body of the injector having a fuel inlet11, a cylindrical portion 12 within which is a piston 13 having aconical outer end 14 in a correspondingly converging seat 16 formed inthe body portion of the injector. Piston 13 normally closes the fuelorifice 1'7 and is urged to its seat by spring 18, coacting between thevalve and plug 19. The conical portion 14 of valve 13 is provided withan axial opening 21 communicating with a radial passage 22 whichterminates in an annular groove 23 on the outer surface of the valve.Spiral grooves 24 are also preferably formed on the conical end of thevalve for delivering fuel from the passage 26 and impartin a whirlingmotion to it and causing it to be injected into the engine in adivergent conical spray, as illustrated by the broken lines in Figs. 1and 2. Grooves 27 are also provided on the surface of the piston 13 forcollecting fuel or oil and retaining it within the grooves forlubrication of the piston.

In the operation of the device, fuel supplied from a suitable pump, notshown, enters through inlet 11, passes the spring loaded check valve 28,into passage 29, from which it flows through passage 26 to the outer endof valve 13. A small amount of fuel enters annular groove 23 by means ofspiral grooves 24 and is forced as an auxiliary spray into the engine,not shown, through axial passage 21 and in the direction of the brokenline b in Figs. 1 and 2. The ignition device, not shown, is preferablylocated in a manner to be in the path of the fuel issuing from passage21 and outside of the hollow conical spray represented by broken linesA-A.

At some predetermined point, the pressure acting on the outer end ofvalve 13 forces it inwardly and permits the fuel to be injected in aconical spray which is ignited by the priorly ignited pilot spray.Atmospheric passage 31 is provided in the body of the injector to allowvalve 13 to move inwardly when the compression force of spring 18 hasbeen overcome.

In some instances it is possible to dispense with check valve 28, butpassage 21 is at all times in communication with the fuel passage 26,and it is preferred to incorporate a check valve for preventing thepressure of the engine gases'to be transmitted to the fuel line 11.

While one embodiment of the invention has been illustrated anddescribed, itis understood that this showing and description areillustrative only and that the invention is not limited to the formsshown and described, or otherwise, except .by the terms of the followingclaims.

. What is claimed is:

1. A fuel injector comprising a body having a conical orifice, a valveseated therein adapted to inject a hollow conical spray, means formingan annular groove between the valve and its seat, and said valve havingan auxiliary passage substantially axial of the conical orifice, and incommunication with the annular groove, and means for supplying fuel tothe groove to inject fuel through the auxiliary passage when the valveisclosed.

2. A fuel injector comprising a body having a conical orifice, a conicalvalve seated therein adapted to inject a hollow conical spray, said noaxial of the valve cone, and a radial passage intersccting the axialpassage and terminating on the conical seat of the valve.

3. A fuel injector comprising a body having a convergent orifice, avalve seated therein, said valve having means thereon for injecting adivergent spray, means including an annular groove adjacent the valve,and said valve having an auxiliary orifice axially located therein, saidorifice being in communication with said groove, and said orifice beingin constant communication with the body of the injector.

4. A fuel injector comprising a body portion having a convergent conicalorifice, a conical valve seated therein, said valve constructed to coactwith the body portion to inject a hollow divergent spray of fuel, meansforming an annular groove between the valve and its seat, means formingspiral grooves on said valve providing constant communication betweenthe annular groove and the interior of the body portion, said spiralgrooves being arranged within the conical orifice to impart a whirlingmotion to the main spray, and said valve having an auxiliary fuelpassage in constant communication with the annular groove.

5. A fuel injector comprising a body portion having a convergent conicalorifice, a conical valve seated therein, said valve constructed to coactwith the body portion to inject a hollow divergent spray of fuel, meansforming an annular groove between the valve and its seat, means formingspiral grooves on said valve providing constant communication betweenthe annular groove and the interior of the body portion, said spiralgrooves being arranged within the conical orifice to impart a whirlingmotion to the main spray, and said valve having a fuel passage inconstant communication with the annular groove, said passage having itsexit orifice extending axially of the valve cone to inject fuelcentrally of the main spray.

6. A fuel injector comprising a body portion having a convergent conicalorifice, a conical valve seated therein, said orifice constructed tocoast with the valve to inject a hollow divergent spray of fuel, meansforming an annular groove between the valve and its seat, means formingan axial auxiliary passageway in the valve having its orifice directedaxially of the main spray for by-passing a small quantity of fuel aroimdthe valve seat and injecting it in an axial direction. from within theboimdary of the divergent spray, means forming a transverse passagewayconnecting the groove with the axial passageway, and said body portionhaving a conduit therein for conducting fuel under pressure to saidgroove.

7. A fuel injector comprising a having a convergent conical orifice, aconical valve seated therein, said orifice constructed to coact with thevalve to inject a hollow divergent spray of fuel, means forming anannular groove between the valve and its seat, means forming an axialauxiliary eway in the valve having a communication with said groove forbypassing a small quantity of fuel around the valve seat and injectingit in an axial direction from within the boundary of the divergentspray, said body portion having a conduit therein for conducting fuelunder pressure to mid groove, 9. spring coacting between the inner endof said ,valve and said body portion for closing said orifice, and meansfor exposing the inner end of said valve to atmospheric pressure.

8. A fuel injector comprising a body portion having a convergent conicalorifice, a conical valve seated therein, said orifice coacting with saidvalve to inject a hollow divergent spray of fuel, means forming anannular groove between the valve and its seat, means for connecting thegroove to a source of fuel, means forming an axial auxiliary passagewayin the valve in communication with the groove for by-passing a. smallquantity of fuel from the groove around the valve seat and injecting itfrom within the boimdary of the divergent spray, said passageway havingits exit orifice directed axially of the main divergent spray.

9. A fuel injector comprising a body portion body portion having aconvergent conical orifice, a conical' valve seated therein, saidorifice coacting with said valve to inject a hollow divergent spray offuel, means forming an annular groove on the conical portion of thevalve, means for connecting the groove with a source of fuel, meansforming an axial auxiliary pasageway in the valve in communication withthe groove for by-passing a small quantity of fuel from the groovearound the valve seat and injecting it from within the boundary of thedivergent spray, said passageway having its exit orifice directedaxially of the main divergent spray.

FRANK C. MOCK.

